چشم های کودکان افغانستان

THE EYES OF THE CHILDREN OF AFGHANISTAN 

آب آشامیدنی

آب آشامیدنی یکی از اساسی ترین نیاز های مردم افغانستان است که متاسفانه هنوز هم در بسیاری از روستا ها و دهات افغانستان این نیاز مبرم مرفوع نشده است و مردم روستا ها بیشتر از آب دریا ها و جویبار هایی استفاده میکند که از میان چندین قریه میگذرد. این آب ها که در قریه های مختلف با انواع و اقساد میکروب ها آلوده میشوند، حتی در بسیاری از قریه های بالادست در میان این آب ها مردم هر نوع شستشوی لوازم خانه و حتی لباس های کثیف کودکان شان را نیز درین آب ها شستشو میدهند و اما در قریه های پایین ازین آب میاشامند و از آن در آشپزی و پختن هر نوع غذا استفاده میکنند.

در میان این همه مشکلاتی که مردم افغانستان با آن مواجه اند، یکی هم آب آشامیدنی است که حتی در پایتخت افغانستان تعداد بسیار زیادی از مردم افغانستان به آن دسترسی ندارند. با وجودی که شبکه های آبرسانی و برق رسانی و سیستم فاضلاب در افغانستان وجود ندارد و اگر هم وجود داشته، در اثر جنگ های سالیان متمادی، این شبکه ها از بین رفته اند، حالا مردم افغانستان با بد ترین حالت با این مشکلات دست و پنجه نرم میکنند.

در افغانستان یک موسسه ای بود که برای ساختن مکتب ها در قریه های افغانستان، از کشور های دوست افغانستان پول میگرفت. یکی ازین مکتب ها قرار بود که قریه ای ساخته شود که صاحب همان موسسه خود را به آن مربوط میدانست. اکثر مکتب هایی که در افغانستان ساخته میشوند، به دلایل مختلفی در نقشه های اصلی خود دارای شبکه های کامل آبرسانی، فاضلاب، سیستم برق و میدان ها و سالن های ورزشی نیستند، زیرا از یک سو پول کشور های کمک کننده برای ساختمان یک مکتب کامل در آن مناطق کافی نیست، و از سوی دیگر کسانی که آنها را می سازند، برای منفعت های شخصی بسیاری از سیستم ها و شبکه ها را از نقشه کم میکنند تا بتوانند پول بیشتری برای خود پس انداز کنند.

مکتبی که در مرکز ولسوالی نزدیک خانه صاحب موسسه ساخته میشد، به کمک سفارت جاپان با مصرف بالغ بر نود هزار دالر امریکایی که در معادل 4500000 (چهار میلیون و پنجصد هزار) افغانی میشد، قرار بود ساخته شود. این مبلغ را سفارت جاپان در کابل یکباره در حساب بانکی آن شخص پرداخت، اما مکتبی که ساخته شد، نه نود هزار دالر ارزش داشت، و نه سیستم های برق، شبکه آبرسانی و سالن های ورزش را در خود داشت.

تهدابی که برای مکتب در نظر گرفته شده بود، نیز به خاطر صرفه جویی از میان برداشته شد و مکتبی به ارزش پنجاه هزار دالر با بی کیفیت ترین مواد و با کمترین کارایی ساخته شد.

چاه آبی که قرار بود برای این مکتب ساخته شود تا شاگردان مکتب که اکثراً کودکان اند به آب صحی آشامیدنی دسترسی داشته باشند نیز از جانب رئیس موسسه به گونه نمایشی طوری ساخته شد که با بمبه های دستی آب غیر صحی از جوی وارد سیستم شده و به دسترس کودکان قرار گیرد. حالا شیوع ترین مرض در میان کودکان آن منطقه التهاب جگر است چون با نوشیدن آب غیر صحی التهاب جگر که آنر نیز به نام های چون سیروس جگر، زردی سیاه، هیپاتیت ای، هیپاتیت بی، هیپاتیت سی یاد میکنند، میباشد. 

آیا اینگونه منفعت به قیمت جان انسان های دیگر را شما یک درست برای تجارت می پندارید؟ یا اینکه باید انسان هایی که چنین کار هایی را انجام میدهند، باید مورد پیگرد قانونی قرار گرفته و با آنها مطابق قوانین نافذه کشور معامله صورت گیرد؟

Political History of Afghanistan تاریخچه سیاسی افغانستان

Political History of Afghanistan

From One Invasion to the Other One

When I write this article, you better don’t judge or misjudge me or relate me to any political ideology or political party or a country, because I really don’t know who I am, as per the words of Rumi Balkhi; hey people of the world, I can’t recognize myself, I am not a Muslim, I am not a Christian, I am not from the east nor from the west, I am not from the Adam or eve, I am not from the water, fire nor wind, I am not from the Empire of Khurasan nor from Iraq … my place is the placeless and my trace is the traceless.

So I don’t belong to any groups. I am just a person who lived in Afghanistan and I am trying to describe the situation as I have experienced it and I am trying to tell you how the political changes have affected my life and the lives of many other people who live there in Afghanistan and have no voice to tell you what happened to them and they constitute the great silent majority.

I am not a communist nor socialist, nor capitalist nor Islamist. I am a human being not still found the right way to follow it. Just a lost person who is not hopeful to live longer … so that is why I need to say, what I know, and what I have experienced, before I close my eyes and rest in the peace I have waited all my life.

Here is how my article begins:

…………………………..

Afghanistan is a mountainous country full of green valleys and rivers called the throbbing heart of Asia having a great number of untapped natural resources including precious stones, oil and gas, gold, coal, lithium, copper, iron, silver, lapis lazuli, gem stones, murmur etc. Most of the natural resources of this country are rare elements found only in some countries.

The country is lagged behind with a very undeveloped and unstable political and economic situation due to the four decades of ongoing war in that country.

What makes this country interesting for the world powers is its enormous amount of oil reserves and the enormous quantity of its natural resources and the lower rate of human development as well as its traitor minority leaders and non-educated majority with a unique and special strategic geopolitical location which make the country a suitable target for the invasions. All these factors in turn pave the way for access to the fast growing and developing Asian economies located in the neighborhood of the country. 

Afghanistan is culturally famous for hospitality, generosity and honesty of its people and that is also in turn an influencing factor in continuous invasions of the country by the world powers.

Afghanistan has always been highly vulnerable of the impacts of foreign policies of the western countries especially the foreign policy of the United States’, European Union and its allies as well as the former Soviet Union countries and today's Russia. 

Historically speaking, this country has never had a chance to have its own president. Almost all the former presidents were either supported or employed by Russia or the United States and their allies. This negative competition of USSR and America was so tense in Afghanistan which have always resulted in political unrest in Afghanistan and even murders of the previous kings and presidents of the country, leaving behind millions of civilian deaths and casualties.

Afghanistan has never been able to balance its political relations with the former two polar political powers of the world, and that brought this country, continues non-ending 40 year old war, which still continues. 

The war destroyed the infrastructures of the country and caused millions of death for the people of Afghanistan and divided the neighbors of Afghanistan into three categories concerning their relations with Afghanistan, those who were allied with the USA and those who were allied with the USSR as well as the neutral ones.

Afghanistan is culturally diverse and the war used that diversity to divide people into groups so that they can use them as means to achieve their own goals.    

The war used every single means that Afghanistan had, such as the ethnicity, religion, cast, tribes, languages, and even regions. They divided the people of Afghanistan into groups and paid them to fight against each other for the benefit of the two world powers, for example some of the parties were defending the interests of the USSR and some others the interests of the USA.  

Previously we had a government supported by USSR in Afghanistan and the military opposition called Mujaheddin Militia was supported by the USA in Afghanistan indirectly by the mediation of Pakistan because the USSR supported government was strong and ruled all over Afghanistan, the US therefore preferred to create, arm and send groups from neighboring open borders of Pakistan. In the mean time the Russian language was very important in Afghanistan because of the USSR invasion and only those had access to the political power who could speak a little bit of Russian and the president was employed in a fraudulent election as a person who lived or studied in Russia and could speak Russian fluently.

Russians were very generous in that time and they supported that government with all kinds of heavy military weapons such as tanks, Kalashnikov, RPGs, helicopters … etc.

They had scholarships for the young boys of Afghanistan too. They supported the military army of Afghanistan and made a very strong government which was able to meet the needs of the poor in the country and it was almost the strongest army of the government of Afghanistan ever happened to that country. 

That government was ethnocentric and it was based on superiority of one ethnic group (Pashtuns) to suppress and remove others from the political sphere of Afghanistan. It was based on political Pashtunism which killed almost everyone who talked against the government. The government was forcing the young people to join the army by an obligatory system of military service which caused millions of young boys to escape the country, because they were not willing to join an army which was at war facing many deaths on daily basis.  

USA paid Pakistan to support religious extremists and Mujaheddin against that USSR supported government. Finally Mujaheddin won the battle after many years of war in Afghanistan killing millions of people and the USA supported political parties "The Mujaheddin" came to power in Afghanistan. They destroyed once again everything Afghanistan had, even the culture and the music and they even changed the names of schools which were secular names into Islamic names. They deprived women from education, work and going to school, they had the same rules and regulations as the Taliban with a low level of extremism, for example they would not punish a person for not attending mosques for five times prayers which was what the Taliban did.

There were different groups created, made and funded in Pakistan to fight the Russians in Afghanistan. When they succeeded, they started to fight for power among each other. Pakistan actually used them very well against each other. There were no pre-planned actions foreseen to re-establish a new government and an economic system for Afghanistan to replace the former soviet supported government. Every leader of the political party of Mujaheddin wanted to be the president of the country without any qualifications. There were no elections. Misunderstandings began to arise and the unsuccessful division of political power among different Mujaheddin parties resulted in other wars in Afghanistan. Muslims were blamed for not being Muslims. Every group started to call the other group a non-Muslim group. They had enough weapon and reasons to fight each other. Pashtun groups were claiming that they are the only ethnic group which has had the right to rule, the others would not accept that. There were Shias and Sunnis. There were Dari speaking political parties and Pashto speaking political parties. There were ethnocentric, regio-centric and religious political parties formed. Hazara political parties, Pashtun political parties, Tajik political parties were the most famous ones which actively participated in the imposed wars in Afghanistan.

All these political parties were somehow primarily managed in traditional ways with one leader as a mono-leadership and monopoly of political power and the lifetime of political parties were equal to the lifetime of their leaders.

There were no single sign of democracy or pluralism in the structure and leadership of the political parties. They were quite similar to robbers’ gangs with a one man in the top who made all the decisions for his own families’ benefits, but used ethnic interests, religious interests, and tribal interests as mottos and means to motivate people to fight for them by the money received from neighboring countries.

They were all financed by foreign countries for different purposes. The main victims of the war were the civilians of Afghanistan who were not part of any of these political parties but they were murdered on daily basis through bombardments and firing of rockets on their houses when the parties began to fight and fire at each other.

The war continued and killed millions of people of Afghanistan. Millions of others immigrated to other countries. The British colony Pakistan was gaining from every day of war in Afghanistan because they were stealing and buying all military weapons, machines, precious and semi-precious stones of Afghanistan and the same gains were going to other neighboring countries. Some countries even collected all researches of the Universities of Afghanistan for free; they carried them back in their own country and published them by their own names.

Natural resources, museum, libraries, cultural heritages and relics, precious and semi-precious stones were robbed.

The economic infrastructures like highways, streets, electricity network, telephone networks, water systems and radios were destroyed. Schools were destroyed and burnt. Men, women and children were murdered on the streets.

Many people immigrated and escaped to other countries as far as they could. Some of them who were supported by Russians before went to former Soviet Union countries, some people escaped to USA and some others who thought the Europe was a best place for them and believed in humanity of European countries’ citizens, they immigrated to European countries and some others who had not enough money escaped into neighboring countries like Pakistan and Iran. 

Some people who were Shias preferred to immigrate to Iran and some Sunnis immigrated to Pakistan and the Jewish community immigrated to USA and the Hindus and Sikh communities escaped to India. Dari speaking people preferred to go to Iran because they thought they might be able to understand the language of host country and Pashtuns preferred to go to Pakistan because they had a common language with the Pakistani people. But they were all naïve and simplistic unrealistic believes, the host countries were never kind to them. They never appreciated and welcomed them but they were making the life hard on them and they were very cruel to them. The host countries never behaved with the Afghan refugees based on human rights and Geneva conventions. Instead they tortured all of them in different ways continuously.

The Taliban were created and supported in Pakistan and came with the support of Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and USA in Afghanistan and they killed almost all those who were favoring the former government of Afghanistan supported by Russia and those who were anti-Taliban and Anti-Barbarism.

The Taliban destroyed all the remaining of the life and infrastructures in Afghanistan. They destroyed culture, they banned music and all kinds of happiness on the civilians of Afghanistan and they were actually there for the following objectives:

1. Making the people of Afghanistan hate their own religion through showing a very horrifying unrealistic picture of Islam to them so that they will embrace any kind of non-Islamic occupation.
2. Using and supporting Political-Pashtunism in order to bring the political power to those tribes who were about to lose it.
3. Eradication of other tribes than Pashtun from Afghanistan by forcing them to escape from Afghanistan or mass murdering them in different regions.
4. Promoting Pashto language as the only main language of the country.
5. Mass murder and removal of Shia minority groups from Afghanistan who were thought to be non-Muslims by the Taliban and some other Pashtun tribes.  
6. Solidarity and revival of racism, chauvinism, new Nazism and language superiority through supporting only one tribe “Pashtuns” as the main Nazi group in Afghanistan organizing them under one ethnocentric political party and naming it the Talibanism using Wahabi or Salafi branch of Islam imported from Saudi – Arabia as the main motivation to fight, because other branches would not be extreme and would not fight and kill under the name of religion. 

The 9/11 in America happened and it had no ties with Afghanistan but it was a great intervention and occupation plan of Afghanistan in which the Taliban were used as indirect pressure group to make the people of Afghanistan ready for foreign intervention. Afghanistan and its people were living in a dark area under the Taliban regime as hostages without electricity, without TVs, without Radios channels, without water supply system and without canalization of the cities as well as without schools. Half of the population had no work permits or permission of going out of their houses because they were female and they were deprived of their basic human rights by the Taliban.

The new era of a new invasion of Afghanistan began. A strong nation who were deceived and used to fight against Russia for the benefit of USA but suffered 40 years of continuous war was taken as hostage by the Taliban and now they were punished by those countries that financed and forced some of their political parties to fight a war against Russia.

The political parties who were involved in war were weak and tired enough because of the 40 years of war which took all their energy and spirit and there was no more strength in them to defend their own country. The people of Afghanistan being tired of the suppression, cruelty, barbarism, ethnocentrism, despotism, autocracy, resilience, totalitarianism, backwardness and fascism of the Taliban as an extreme religious tyranny of foreign occupation of Afghanistan, led by Arabs and Pakistanis who were using their own religion against them, were ready to accept any kind of foreign intervention to get rid of the Taliban.

Politically the situation of Afghanistan was and it is a mess and it is a political crisis intertwined with foreign invasion and foreign troops at both sides of the war and the people of Afghanistan has no say in that war.

The new collective colonialism of Afghanistan remains no chance for the local politicians because their views are too narrow and too traditional and does not fit with the current situation of Afghanistan. This invasion is not much different than the previous Soviet Union invasion. They both invested on Pashtun ethnic groups.

The only difference is that this time there is no choice for the people of Afghanistan to join a freedom fight for Afghanistan because the military opposition fighting against the government of Afghanistan is also created and controlled by the invaders’ biggest regional ally “Pakistan” who has historically been against Afghanistan because they think that half of their soil belongs to Afghanistan and the other half belongs to India.

Pakistani politicians suffer from a misconception which makes the core ideology of their violent intervention and unstable diplomatic relation with Afghanistan and India and that misconception is that “If Afghanistan and India get together and grow as two military countries in two sides of Pakistan, they will claim their soils and there will be no such country as Pakistan anymore”.

This misconception makes the politicians of Pakistan to suffer and that makes them go and ask biggest countries like USA and Britain to fund some nasty projects in the region which endangers the regional security and the regional as well as world peace.

For examples we can mention creation and supporting terrorist groups such as Tahreek-e-Taliban, hosting and supporting Al-qaida leader Osama Bin Laden, creation and supporting of Lashkar-e-Taiba, creation and supporting of Al-Tahreer terrorist group, creation and supporting of Haqqani Network as a terrorist group … are all foreign policy tools of Pakistan and their allies being used against Afghanistan and India.

The most interesting similarities of current invasion by USSA (Unites States and States’ Allies) and the previous one by the USSR from the viewpoint of the neutral people of Afghanistan are the following:

1. Russians employed a Pashtun president for Afghanistan who was a citizen of previous Soviet Union countries or at least had studied in those countries and a person who could speak Russian language fluently and now the same thing happened to Afghanistan when the US is there and they employed firstly a Pashtun hotel manager who was a citizen of US and had has hotel management business in US and they had their own saving accounts in US banks so in case if they rob banks and public properties in Afghanistan, the money will be invested in the economy of the US. They might have picked him up from a random list of Afghan refugees in the US and brought him in Afghanistan to be a president for the country. He was previously ready to accept a position as the speaker of the Taliban in Pakistan before he was appointed as the president of Afghanistan. The second president of Afghanistan is also a Pashtun Afghan refugee living in the US married to a Christian woman. He is also a US citizen and speaks English fluently and his family currently lives in the US. The reason why he was chosen as the next president is maybe because of the religion of his wife who makes the first lady of Afghanistan a Christian lady and his saving account in the US banks. The next president of Afghanistan might be a Christian Afghan refugee currently living in the US or an Afghan-Jewish family currently living in the US.
2. Both invaders chose to invest on Pashtun ethnic groups when it comes to political powers. I think it is because of the loyalty of this particular ethnic group to these invaders and their dishonesty to their own country and nation as well as their high flattery and lobby inside the political sphere of these countries. The Russian military bases were mostly outside the cities while the US military bases are all inside the cities.
3. The army soldiers of USSR were much more civilized showing their highest respect for the civilian people of Afghanistan because their army was formed out of an obligatory military service system and all those who were involved in military were normal civilians of the previous Soviet Union countries and they were all well-educated and well mannered, but now the army of US currently present in Afghanistan is made up of hired soldiers who have got nothing else to do in US, so they joined the military to come to Afghanistan and the way they behave with Afghan civilians are not appropriate.
4. The USSR, during their occupation of Afghanistan was paving the way for the people of Afghanistan to go and study in Russia and travel freely without any barriers but the US is not giving that much of opportunity for the civilians of Afghanistan to travel to US and to learn from them, but they owe the occupation of Afghanistan to Pakistan and that is why they are mostly favoring Pakistan in all their policies inside and outside Afghanistan and help Pakistan much better than the poor people of Afghanistan.
5. The USSR was supporting the army of Afghanistan and its air forces in a great manner and there was almost no single hungry soldier in Afghanistan in that time and the air forces of Afghanistan were one of the best in Asia by the support of USSR, but now what the US is doing, they took what all Afghanistan got from USSR and gave it to Pakistan.
6. USSR was not controlling the opposition of the government of Afghanistan by its allies and the opposition in that time were Mujahidin armed forces being armed, trained and sent to Afghanistan from Pakistan funded by the US, but now in the new collective colonialism of Afghanistan, the opposition of the government of Afghanistan are Taliban and they are being controlled, supported, financed and armed by the US biggest regional ally to make sure that the people of Afghanistan has no chance to join and support a freedom fighting opposition in Afghanistan and those who are against the Taliban are being murdered in mysterious ways.
7. USSR was not supporting religious extremism and those who were in power in that time were those who believed in their mission but now we see in Afghanistan that the US is supporting those who were Taliban before but they have just changed their clothes. They don’t believe in democracy which is the main mission of the US in Afghanistan. Those who are currently in power in Afghanistan rather believe in Talibanism and ethnocentric tyranny.

At the end of all these wars and invasions on Afghanistan, it is the civilians of Afghanistan who lost and will lose everything they have.

At the end, there will be some ashes and destroyed tanks and military weapons of US in the destroyed villages of Afghanistan. That is what is left behind the USSR invasion and the British invasion of Afghanistan along with millions of graves of civilians.

There will be some deserts and manless ruined villages left behind in Afghanistan and millions and millions of refugees who escape from the war zones and fall into the mouth of sharks or live as slaves suffering in the racist hands of people of the countries offshore.   

But let’s remind something here about immigration as a human right and the only option for the people of Afghanistan to save their lives leaving behind all their belongings.

The host countries who are mainly allies of the US in that invasion of Afghanistan should clearly understand the followings.

If your country has the right to invade another country and send men with guns in their hands (military troops) in Afghanistan to start a war, the civilians of those countries, without guns in their hands, should also have the right to escape that war and come to your country and save their lives. If your country has the right to open their prisons in Afghanistan and imprison whoever they wish, the civilians of those countries should have the right to apply for asylum and rent a room in your country or have access to a refugee camp without any kind of torture, health intervention or food poisoning. If your country has the right to kill civilians by bombardments on civilian houses and hospitals in Afghanistan, the civilians of those countries should have the right to come to a safer place in your country to find a job to earn a living. If your country destroys the schools of children in Afghanistan, the civilians of Afghanistan should have the right to come and study in your schools with your children.  Finally don’t be racists, don’t be chauvinists, and don’t be a fascist. Be human beings and open our borders to refugees and open your hearts to non-Christian refugees whose houses and countries are being destroyed by your tax money and by the guns made in your country.

If the houses are being destroyed and if our world is being destroyed, the reason for that can be found in you. It is you the human race who failed to think productive and it is you who failed to think about others, it is you who failed to think the whole world as an ecosystem for human beings. It is you who divided people in different colors of skin, race, language, religion and cultures. You failed to think about others the same equal human beings as yourself and there lies the sources of all miseries and destruction of the world as our common home.

  

تاثیرات سیاست های پولی و مالیاتی بر تقاضای کل در اقتصاد افغانستان